Generally speaking, it can take at least a year from applying to receive a registration at the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. The USPTO has a page that publishes data on its processing times. It currently shows an average of 7.9 months from filing to first examination, and an average of 14.4 months from filing to either registration or abandonment of the application.
The process can take more time for several reasons, including if the applicant is not yet using the mark, if the applicant has to respond to initial refusals during examination, or if someone opposes the application.